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Jiravanichpaisal and Chuaychuwong et al (1997) reported the use ofLactobacillus sp. as the probiotic bacteria in the giant tiger shrimp (P. monodon Fabricius). They designed to investigate an effective treatment of Lactobacillus sp. against vibriosis and white spot diseases in P. monodon. They investigated the growth of some probiotic bacteria, and their survival in the 20 ppt sea water for at least 7 days. Inhibiting activity of two Lactobacillus sp. against Vibrio sp., E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus subtilis was determined. Direkbusarakom and Yoshimizu et al (1997) reported Vibrio spp. which dominate in shrimp hatchery against some fish pathogens. Two isolates of Vibrio spp. which are the dominant composition of the flora in shrimp hatchery, were studied for antiviral activity against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV). Both strains of bacteria showed the antiviral activities against IHNV and OMV by reducing the number of plaque. Their results demonstrate the possibility of using the Vibrio flora against the pathogenic viruses in shrimp culture.

Sugita and Shibuga (1996) reported the antibacterial abilities of intestinal bacteria in freshwater cultured fish. They isolated bacteria from the intestine of 7 kinds of freshwater cultured fish, and investigated the antibacterial abilities of these bacteria to 18 fish or human common pathogenic bacteria. Their results indicated that the bacteria isolated from intestine of 7 kinds of freshwater cultured fish possess the antibacterial abilities, and the presence of the intestinal bacteria can protect the fish against the infection by pathogenic bacteria.

Maeda and Liao (1992) reported on the effect of bacterial strains obtained from soil extracts on the growth of prawn larvae of P. monodon. Higher survival and molt rates of prawn larvae were observed in the experiment treated with soil extract, and the bacterial strain which promoted the growth of prawn larvae was isolated. They have assumed that if a specific bacterium is cultured and added to the prawn ecosystem to the level of 10 million cell/ml, other bacteria may hardly inhibit the same biotype because of protozoan activity which shall be one of the way to biologically control the aquaculture water biotype and ecosystem.

Maeda and Nogami et al (1992) have reported the utility of microbial food assemblages in culturing a crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Assemblages of microorganisms were produced by adding several nutrients, urea, glucose and potassium phosphate, to natural seawater with gentle aeration in which bacteria and yeast were prevailing. When these cultured microbes were added to sea water where crab larvae of Portunus trituberculatus were reared, bacteria numbers decreased very rapidly, followed by the decrease in flagellated protozoa and diatoms. Their results suggest that the crab larvae fed on these microorganisms successively. They found some strains of bacteria promoted larval growth, although yeasts did not support its growth. By adopting these assemblages of microorganisms a high yield was obtained for a prawn larva P. japonicus, although the success was not always consistent.